THE DYNAMICS OF RAPE IN MODERN INDIAN SOCIETY

Rape is malum in se. In modern India the institution of rape has flourishedimmensely in recent times, and presently it is a national problem. It is a challenge to thecontemporary thinking. Gender equality is enshrined in the Indian constitution. In ancienttimes rape existed in Europe while women in India had divine personification as Shakti andin modern times millions of Indians visit Shakti temples with liberal offerings.This paper addresses dynamics of rape with particular reference to India. Rape is amultidimensional and dynamic phenomenon. Its perception may vary from radical to liberal,and the legal definition keeps evolving. Mathematically it may be modeled as a space-timefunction. In 2013 the definition of rape was revised both in India and US. It, however,differs. The paper examines recently introduced Indian law to reduce rape incidents.There are various areas which need attention to have insight into the phenomenon ofrape and measures to control the incidents. This includes understanding the effect of socioeconomic-demographic predictor variables in reduction of the incidents. The authors haveapplied statistical analysis using correlation to rape data from all the 35 regions of Indiawith eleven socio-economic-demographic predictor variables to find the effect of thevariables on incidents of rape. It was found that only literacy status, or literacy status as aproxy, for male and female in urban population indicated significant desirable effect on thenumber of rape incidents. This sets a direction for further research. The rape challenge shouldbe addressed with afresh look from multidisciplinary perspective besides law andenforcement. The fusion of data, analyses, and ideas including from sociological, cultural,psychological, and religious aspects, and encouraging merging of tools from disciplines,should provide an insightful and sound approach to find solution to the intractable socialproblem. Also social change with the universal wisdom thoughts of great minds like MahatmaGandhi and Elie Wiesel is desirable to eliminate ills, including rape, from the modern society

Effect of elevated CO2 and high temperature on seed-set and grain quality of rice

Hybrid vigour may help overcome the negative effects of climate change in rice. A popular rice hybrid (IR75217H), a heat-tolerant check (N22), and a mega-variety (IR64) were tested for tolerance of seed-set and grain quality to high-temperature stress at anthesis at ambient and elevated [CO2]. Under an ambient air temperature of 29 °C (tissue temperature 28.3 °C), elevated [CO2] increased vegetative and reproductive growth, including seed yield in all three genotypes. Seed-set was reduced by high temperature in all three genotypes, with the hybrid and IR64 equally affected and twice as sensitive as the tolerant cultivar N22. No interaction occurred between temperature and [CO2] for seed-set. The hybrid had significantly more anthesed spikelets at all temperatures than IR64 and at 29 °C this resulted in a large yield advantage. At 35 °C (tissue temperature 32.9 °C) the hybrid had a higher seed yield than IR64 due to the higher spikelet number, but at 38 °C (tissue temperature 34–35 °C) there was no yield advantage. Grain gel consistency in the hybrid and IR64 was reduced by high temperatures only at elevated [CO2], while the percentage of broken grains increased from 10% at 29 °C to 35% at 38 °C in the hybrid. It is concluded that seed-set of hybrids is susceptible to short episodes of high temperature during anthesis, but that at intermediate tissue temperatures of 32.9 °C higher spikelet number (yield potential) of the hybrid can compensate to some extent. If the heat tolerance from N22 or other tolerant donors could be transferred into hybrids, yield could be maintained under the higher temperatures predicted with climate change

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SOLAR WATER HEATER INTEGRATED WITH SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE AS PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL

The Solar Water Heater (SWH) has an important place among solar heating collectors due to the fact that construction of the water heater requires less material than others. The Solar water heater may be used for space heating and drying. The main objectives of this paper are to increase the efficiency of flat plate collector solar water heater. The efficiency of Solar Water Heater is increased with decreasing, the thermal losses. To overcome the high thermal losses due to conduction, convection and radiation in the flat plate collector, PCM materials are used. To improve the efficiency of the flat plate collector, it is integrated with the Sodium Acetate Trihydrate as PCM. To enhance the heating rate of the solar water heater, the PCM is integrated and stored directly in flat plate collector. The performance of the flat plate collector is measured with and without using PCM. The Experimental result were taken for the area of 0.42 m2. The efficiency of the flat plate collector is increased up to 5 to 7% while compared to with and without using PCM

Recovery of Acrylic Acid Using Calcium Peroxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterisation, Batch Study, Equilibrium, and Kinetics

Recovery of acrylic acid from aqueous solution using low-cost CaO2 nanoparticles was investigated. CaO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation technique and characterised using XRD and FTIR. A mechanism was proposed for adsorption of acrylic acid onto CaO2 nanoparticles based on FTIR analysis. Acrylic acid recovery is highly dependent on contact time, CaO2 nanoparticle dosage, initial acrylic concentration, and temperature. Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Tempkin, Hill, Redlich-Peterson, Sips and Toth isotherms were used and well represented by Redlich-Peterson isotherm (R2 = 0.9998) as compared to other isotherms. Kinetic studies revealed pseudo-second-order kinetics (k2 = 1.962·10–4 g mg–1 min–1) for adsorption of acrylic acid onto CaO2 nanoparticles. CaO2 nanoparticles exhibited high acrylic acid recovery over varied concentration ranges. The acrylic acid can be regenerated by desorption from the surface of adsorbent and utilised for numerous applications. The presented results may be useful for the design of adsorption system using nanoparticles, which can be extended to other systems. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

The DNA-binding domain of Drosophila melanogaster c-Myb undergoes a multistate denaturation

The DNA-binding domain of Drosophila c-Myb protein has been studied using different spectroscopic probes, namely CD, fluorescence, acrylamide quenching and NMR, to determione the structure of some of its sub-domains and their relative stabilities in aqueous solutions. While CD and fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the protein had completely lost its tertiary and secondary structures in approximately 3 M urea, solvent accessibility of the tryptophan residues was still partial, as determined by acrylamide quenching. This suggested the presence of significant amounts of residual structure which persisted until the urea concentration was raised to approximately 6.0 M. Thermal-denaturation experiments also indicated the presence of an intermediate in the unfolding pathway. The experimental data could be fitted assuming a minimum of three states in both modes of denaturation. The thermodynamic parameters for the apparent three-state transition have been determined. From the protein stability curve, we have determined that Drosophila melanogaster Myb R123 has maximal stability at 16°C and pH 7.0

PCA Encrypted Short Acoustic Data Inculcated in Digital Color Images

We propose develop a generalized algorithm for hiding audio signal using image steganography. The authors suggest transmitting short audio messages camouflaged in digital images using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as an encryption technique. The quantum of principal components required to represent the audio signal by removing the redundancies is a measure of the magnitude of the Eigen values. The aforementioned technique follows a dual task of encryption and in turn also compresses the audio data, sufficient enough to be buried in the image. A 57Kb audio signal is decipher from the Stego image with a high PSNR of 47.49 and a correspondingly low mse of 3.3266 × 1

Marine Fish Calendar. 1. Mangalore

The fish landing data in Mangalore for the gears such as purse seiners, drift gill net and trawlers during the period of 1981 to 1987 is provided for the major fish species of the families, Carangidae, Carcharhinidae and Sphyrnidae, Chirocentridae, Cynoglossidae, Engraulidae, Leiognathidae, Mullidae, Nemipteridae, Nomeidae, Platycephalidae, Priacanthidae, Sciaenidae, Scombridae, Sphyraenidae, Stromateidae, Synodontidae, Tachysuridae and Trichiuridae

Tilt Texture Domains on a Membrane and Chirality induced Budding

We study the equilibrium conformations of a lipid domain on a planar fluid membrane where the domain is decorated by a vector field representing the tilt of the stiff fatty acid chains of the lipid molecules, while the surrounding membrane is fluid and structureless. The inclusion of chirality in the bulk of the domain induces a novel budding of the membrane, which preempts the budding induced by a decrease in interfacial tension.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Probability density of determinants of random matrices

In this brief paper the probability density of a random real, complex and quaternion determinant is rederived using singular values. The behaviour of suitably rescaled random determinants is studied in the limit of infinite order of the matrices

Feasibility of intercropping medicinal plants in black pepper garden

The feasibility of cultivating medicinal plants in black pepper (Piper nigram L.) plantation was studied at Ambalavayal (Kerala). The plants tested were Adhatoda beddomei, Desmodium gangeticum, Pseudarthria viscida, Ayapana triplinervis, Pogostemon cablin and Plumbago rosea in a fifteen year old black pepper plantation. The results indicated that black pepper yield (2100 kg ha-1) was higher under intercropping situation compared to sole crop (1675 kg ha-1). Among the medicinal plants, maximum black pepper equivalent yield (PEY) (2100 kg ha-1) was recorded in P. rosea followed by P. cablin (2000 kg ha-1). Maximum net return was obtained from black pepper + P. rosea followed by P. cablin. The benefit: cost ratio was highest for inter cropping P. rosea (3.5) followed by P. cablin (3.3) and A. triplinervis (3.3). &nbsp